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Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a carbohydrate, more specifically a mucopolysaccharide, occurring naturally in all living organisms.



It can be several thousands of sugars (carbohydrates) long.



When not bound to other molecules, it binds to water giving it a stiff viscous quality similar to "Jelly".



The polysaccharide hyaluronan (HA) is a linear polyanion, with a poly repeating disaccharide structure [(1→3)-β-dGlcNAc-(1→4)-β-d-GlcA-].



HA is found primarily in the extracellular matrix and pericellular matrix, but has also been shown to occur intracellularly.



The biological functions of HA include maintenance of the elastoviscosity of liquid connective tissues such as joint synovial and eye vitreous fluid, control of tissue hydration and water transport, supramolecular assembly of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix, and numerous receptor-mediated roles in cell detachment, mitosis, migration, tumor development and metastasis, and inflammation.



Its consistency and tissue-friendliness allows it to be used in skin-care products as an excellent moisturizer.



Hyaluronic acid is one of the most hydrophilic (water-loving) molecules in nature and is described as nature's moisturizer.