Sunflower seed meal is the by-product of the extraction of oil from sunflower seeds. Sunflower meal is one of the major protein meals used for livestock feeding and particularly for ruminant diets, and under certain conditions for pigs and poultry. Sunflower seed meal is a valuable and safe product, whose protein, fiber, and oil contents are highly variable and driven by variations of the oil extraction process.  One particularly interesting trait of sunflower meal is the absence of intrinsic anti-nutritional factors: unlike other oil meals, including those of soybean, rapeseed, or cotton, it does not require heating or special attention before being fed. Its amino acid profile is richer in sulfur amino acids, and particularly methionine than other protein sources, but its lysine content is much lower than that of SBM.