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Description of Base Oil :
 
Base Oil is the name given to lubrication grade oilsinitially produced from refining crude oil (mineralbase oil) or through chemical synthesis (syntheticbase oil). Base oil is typically defined as oil with a boiling point range between **0 and ***0 F, consisting of hydrocarbons with *8 to *0 carbon atoms.

The refiners, who manufacture and sell base oil, and the Blenders/Compounders, who manufacture and sell lubricating oil and are not always the same entities, although they can be. For example, Exxon is both a refiner and a Blender/Compounder since they manufacture both base oil lubricating oil. Most of the base oil they produce, they use. The amounts they don't use, they sell through large commodity markets to "Independent" Blenders and Compounders. These Blenders and Compounders are called "independent" because they do not produce their own base oil but rather buy it from a refiner.
  Base Oil Groups The *0th century saw a number of improvements in the refining process used for mineral oils along with the introduction of a variety of synthetics. By the early ***0s, the American Petroleum Institute (API) had categorized all base oils into five groups, with the first three groups dedicated to mineral oils and the remaining two groups predominantly synthetic base oils.